Vocational Education

Vocational educationrefers to education for a particular occupation.Industrialized countries haveseen a fall in demand for unskilled workers,and an increase in jobs in the

professional,technical,commercial,andadministrative sector. Vocational education is traditionally associated withtrades and crafts: young people were apprentice to

employers for anumber of years and learned on the job.Today the focus has shifted from theworkplace to secondary and higher education institutions,and from employers to

government provisionand finance.Trainees in most occupations combine workplace training with studyat a technical or academic institution.In the former Soviet Union,

school and work werealways strongly linked from primary school.Germany provides nine out of tenyoung people with entering higher education with vocational

training,andtraining is planned from national down to locate level through joint committeesof government representatives,employers,and trade unions.

In somecountries,skills are being grouped and"job families"are created sothat individuals can move between jobs with similar technical requirements.Inother

occupations"competency-basededucation"is advocated to equip individuals with"transferable"aswell as specific skills.In developing countries,where it is traditional for

children to workfrom an early age,only a tiny proportion of students follow a formal vocationalprogram,while the long specialist training of professionals such as

doctors,lawyers,andengineers is a costly burden.Training places fortechnicians,nurses,teachers,and the essential workers are oftenlimited.Worldwide,there is a slow but

steady increase inthe numbers of women training for occupations of influence inscience,technology,law,and business.It is also becoming clear that one courseof vocational

education is not enoughfor a lifetime. Retraining,through continuing education is essential.It can beconcluded from the passage that more vocational education has to be provided inthe future.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned