The History of theFridge 1 The fridge is considered a necessity.It has been so since the l960swhen packaged food first appeared with the label:"store in therefrigerator." 2 In

my fridgelessfifties childhood,I was fed well and healthily.The milkman came daily,thegrocer, the butcher,the baker,and the ice-cream man delivered two or threetimes a

week.The Sunday meatwould last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds ofcakes.Nothing was wasted and we were never troubled by rotten

food.Thirty yearson,food deliveries have ceased,fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in thecountry. 3 The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the

art of foodpreservation.A vast variety of well-tried techniques already existed-naturalcooling,drying'smoking'salting'sugaring,bottling… 4 What refrigeration didpromote

wasmarketing-marketing hardware and electricity,marketing soft drinks,marketingdead bodies of animals around the globe in search of。good price. 5 Consequently,most of

the world's fridgesare to be found,not in the tropics where they might prove useful,but in thewealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost

unnecessary.Everywinter,millions of fridges hum away continuously and at vast expense,busilymaintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house-

while outside,natureprovides the desired temperature free of charge. 6 The fridge's effect upon theenvironment has been evident,while its contribution to human happiness

has beeninsignificant.If you don't believe me,try it yourself.Invest in。food cabinet（橱柜）and turn off your fridge next winter.You may miss the hamburgers butat least

you’ll get rid ofthat terrible hum.

Paragraph 2______

A.The Invention ofthe Fridge

B.The PollutionCaused by Fridges

C.The WidespreadNeed for Fridges

D.The Days Withoutthe Fridge

E.The Waste ofEnergy Caused by Fridges